For the purposes of the debate, an "independent religious school" is a religious school owned and ran by members of the local religious community. Examples include traditional Muslim schools in India (madrassas), Malaysia (pondok schools) and Indonesia (pesantren), or the international seminary education system of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (the Mormon church).

Independent religious schools are distinct to formal education institutions where students may study theology as part of a larger national curriculum (e.g. the Islamic Theology subject in Malaysian secondary schools) or where students may earn an accredited academic qualification in theology (e.g. secular universities offering degrees in theology).

For the purposes of the debate, a global superpower is a nation that exerts significant international influence through socioeconomic, technological, military, and/or cultural means.

For the purposes of the debate, quick trading refers to the buy and sale of financial securities (e.g. stocks, options, futures, currencies, NFTs) within the same week.  

Personality [A] is characterised by a focus on the individual being self-reliant and resilient. The norm is to be direct, blunt, and not averse to confrontation. 

Personality [B] is characterised by a focus on the individual focusing on the preservation of relationships. The norm is to be pleasant, appeasing of others, and averse to confrontation.

Civil disobedience is the nonviolent refusal to obey certain laws or commands of a government, often as a form of protest against perceived injustice. It aims to bring about change by highlighting the moral issues associated with specific laws or policies. Examples include Dutch farmers protesting by blocking roads, German climate protestors gluing themselves to the Munich airport runway, French students creating encampments on campuses, etc.

Celebrity culture occurs when certain individuals (e.g. actors, musicians) become the subject of mass fascination by the public (e.g. have dedicated fan bases, have lots of media attention).

(i) Under a constituency electoral system, the composition of parliament following a national election depends on the outcome across voting areas (constituencies). Each constituency will have a number of candidates running for office, who may be members of political parties or independent (i.e. not affiliated with any political party). The candidate with the highest number of votes enters office as the electoral representative of that constituency. Examples of countries following the constituency electoral system are the United Kingdom, India, and Malaysia. 

(ii) For the purposes of the debate, a layperson is defined as an individual with no prior experience in politics (e.g. they have never held office, they have never worked in government).